Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
rrd
ᎠᎢ
ai
aɁi
vi He is walking

ᎦᎢ
gai
gaɁi
-
ᎠᎢᏐᎢ
aisoi
aɁiso³Ɂi
-
-
ᎢᎾᎨ ᎠᎢᏒᎩ.
[ᏧᏁᎶᏗ ᏚᏂᎩᏒᏒᎢ]
“He was walking in the fields.”

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
1SG ᎦᎢ
gai
2SG ᎭᎢ
hai
3SG ᎠᎢ
ai
1DLINCL ᎢᎾᎢ
inai
1DLEXCL ᎣᏍᏓᎢ
osdai
1PLINCL ᎢᏓᎢ
idai
1PLEXCL ᎣᏣᎢ
otsai
2DL ᏍᏓᎢ
sdai
2PL ᎢᏣᎢ
itsai
3PL ᎠᎾᎢ
anai

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.