Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
rrd
ᎾᏛᏁᎭ
nadvneha
nadṿneha
vt He is doing it

ᏂᎦᏛᏁᎠ
nigadvnea
nịgadṿnẹɁa
ᏄᏛᏁᎸᎢ
nudvnelvi
nudṿnẹlv²³Ɂi
ᎾᏛᏁᎰᎢ
nadvnehoi
nadṿneho³Ɂi
ᎿᏛᏁᎦ
hnadvnega
hnadṿnega
ᎢᏳᏛᏗ
iyudvdi
ịyudṿɁdi
… ᎠᎴ ᏓᎩᎧᎭ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏕᎬᏆᏁᎶᏙᎢ, ᎩᎶᏃ ᎮᎾ ᏥᏲᏏ, ᎡᎪᎢ; ᏅᏩᏓᎴᏃ ᎡᎮᎾ ᏥᏲᏏ, ᏗᎡᎪᎢ; ᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗᏃ, ᎯᎠ ᎿᏛᎦ ᏥᏲᏏ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏛᏁᎰᎢ.
[ᎹᏚ 8:9]
… having under myself soldiers, and I say to this one, Go, and he goeth, and to another, Be coming, and he cometh, and to my servant, Do this, and he doth [it].’

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
OBJECT
1SG 2SG 3SGAN 3SGIN 1DLINCL 1DLEXCL 1PLINCL 1PLEXCL 2DL 2PL 3PLAN 3PLIN
1SG
ᎬᏯᏛᏁᎭ
gvyadvneha
ᏥᏯᏛᏁᎭ
tsiyadvneha
ᎦᏛᏁᎭ
gadvneha




ᏍᏛᏯᏛᏁᎭ
sdvyadvneha
ᎢᏨᏯᏛᏁᎭ
itsvyadvneha
ᎦᏥᏯᏛᏁᎭ
gatsiyadvneha
ᏕᎦᏛᏁᎭ
degadvneha
2SG ᏍᏆᏛᏁᎭ
squadvneha

ᎯᏯᏛᏁᎭ
hiyadvneha
ᎭᏛᏁᎭ
hadvneha
ᏍᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
sginadvneha


ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎭ
isgiyadvneha


ᎦᎯᏯᏛᏁᎭ
gahiyadvneha
ᏕᎭᏛᏁᎭ
dehadvneha
3SG ᎠᏆᏛᏁᎭ
aquadvneha
ᏣᏛᏁᎭ
tsadvneha
ᎾᏛᏁᎭ
nadvneha
ᎦᏛᏁᎭ
gadvneha
ᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
ginadvneha
ᎣᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
oginadvneha
ᎢᎦᏛᏁᎭ
igadvneha
ᎣᎦᏛᏁᎭ
ogadvneha
ᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
sdadvneha
ᎢᏣᏛᏁᎭ
itsadvneha
ᏕᎦᏛᏁᎭ
degadvneha
ᏕᎦᏛᏁᎭ
degadvneha
1DLINCL

ᎡᎾᏛᏁᎭ
enadvneha
ᎢᎾᏛᏁᎭ
inadvneha






ᎨᎾᏛᏁᎭ
genadvneha
ᏕᎾᏛᏁᎭ
denadvneha
1DLEXCL
ᏍᏛᏯᏛᏁᎭ
sdvyadvneha
ᎣᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
osdadvneha
ᎣᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
osdadvneha




ᏍᏛᏯᏛᏁᎭ
sdvyadvneha
ᎢᏣᏛᏁᎭ
itsadvneha
ᎪᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
gosdadvneha
ᏙᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
dosdadvneha
1PLINCL

ᎡᏓᏛᏁᎭ
edadvneha
ᎢᏓᏛᏁᎭ
idadvneha






ᎨᏓᏛᏁᎭ
gedadvneha
ᏕᏓᏛᏁᎭ
dedadvneha
1PLEXCL
ᎢᏨᏯᏛᏁᎭ
itsvyadvneha
ᎣᏣᏛᏁᎭ
otsadvneha
ᎣᏣᏛᏁᎭ
otsadvneha






ᎪᏣᏛᏁᎭ
gotsadvneha
ᏙᏣᏛᏁᎭ
dotsadvneha
2DL ᏍᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
sginadvneha

ᎡᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
esdadvneha
ᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
sdadvneha

ᏍᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
sginadvneha

ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎭ
isgiyadvneha


ᎨᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
gesdadvneha
ᏕᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
desdadvneha
2PL ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎭ
isgiyadvneha

ᎡᏣᏛᏁᎭ
etsadvneha
ᎢᏣᏛᏁᎭ
itsadvneha

ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎭ
isgiyadvneha




ᎨᏣᏛᏁᎭ
getsadvneha
ᏕᏣᏛᏁᎭ
detsadvneha
3PL ᎬᏆᏛᏁᎭ
gvquadvneha
ᎨᏣᏛᏁᎭ
getsadvneha
ᎠᎾᏛᏁᎭ
anadvneha
ᎠᎾᏛᏁᎭ
anadvneha
ᎨᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
geginadvneha
ᎪᎩᎾᏛᏁᎭ
goginadvneha
ᎨᎦᏛᏁᎭ
gegadvneha
ᎪᎦᏛᏁᎭ
gogadvneha
ᎨᏍᏓᏛᏁᎭ
gesdadvneha
ᎨᏣᏛᏁᎭ
getsadvneha
ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎭ
danadvneha
ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎭ
danadvneha

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.